O tratamento oncológico é um momento muito difícil para os pacientes e familiares. Por isso, todos procedimentos que tornem esse período mais confortável são bem-vindos. As picadas de agulhas para infusão de medicações e coletas de exames são desconfortáveis para qualquer pessoa, e para quem já está fragilizado é ainda mais doloroso. O cateter de portocath é um desses procedimentos, que evita múltiplas punções.
O cateter possui um pequeno reservatório, que serve para infundir medicamentos facilmente, diminuindo dor e riscos de perda de veias.
O cateter permite a infusão de medicamentos de quimioterapia e também facilita a introdução de fluídos, dieta parenteral e hemoderivados, além de auxiliar na coleta de exames, evitando o sofrimento com tantas picadas em um momento tão crítico.
Apesar de parecer estranho ter um cateter implantado no corpo, o portocath pode tornar o tratamento mais confortável e eficiente, e, após um discreto “estranhamento”, acaba-se acostumando com ele.
O cateter não é grande (existem vários tamanhos), mas pode ficar saliente na pele dependendo de onde ‘implantado. Por isso, áreas estratégicas são escolhidas para que não incomode. O procedimento costuma ser simples e rápido, quando guiado por tecnologias modernas e feitos por mãos habilidosas do cirurgião vascular habilitado pela técnica de Acesso Venoso Central . Além disso, algumas quimioterapias podem causar lesões na pele e irritar as veias dos braços por serem veias mais finas. Com o cateter, é possível saber exatamente onde deve ser realizada a punção, causando menos dor e não precisando contar com a sorte para achar a veia. Como ele é implantado em uma veia de calibre maior, as chances de complicações durante o tratamento são menores. A agulha pode permanecer no portocath por diversos dias, sem prejuizo para o cateter.
Quando não utilizado com frequência, o cateter precisa de manutenção periódica: ser lavado com soro, procedimento simples e indolor, pelo menos uma vez por mês, para não correr o risco de ocluir.
O cateter permanece no paciente durante todo o tratamento quimioterápico e algum tempo após esse período, assim ele já está pronto caso ocorra alguma reincidência do câncer. Quando o cateter não é mais necessário, ele pode ser facilmente retirado, num procedimento extremamente gratificante para o paciente e para o médico, pois significa a vitória .
O Dr Alexandre Amato e equipe já publicaram capítulos sobre o implante de portocath: Cateter de Trajeto Subcutâneo. In: Procedimentos Médicos Técnica e Tática. 2 edição .
Cuidados pós procedimento:
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Observação, curativo, limpeza local
Manutenção periódica da perviedade do cateter
Como é realizado:
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Inserção ecoguiada e tambem com uso de fluoroscopia do cateter pela técnica de Seldinger
Indicação:
Quimioterapia, nutrição parenteral prolongada, uso de outros medicamentos de longa duração
Resultado/Objetivo:
Manter acesso venoso fácil
Preparação:
Jejum, anestesia local, ecodoppler intraoperatório.
